Lean Fundamental

Lean is a methodology to "lean" your process to remove anything non-value-added actions.

8 Deadly Waste by Lean (TO WISDOM)
(Unnecessary) Transportation - Moving material more than necessary.  This is often caused by poor plant design/layout or  placement.

Over Production – Producing components that are not intended for immediate use or sale
Waiting – Idle time between operations or during an operation due to missing material, an unbalanced line, scheduling  mistakes, etc.

(Excess) Inventory – Excess stock in the form of raw materials, Work in Process, and finished goods
(Unused) Skills – Not using or underutilizing employee skills limits the corporation’s ability to compete and excel
Defects (and Spoilage) – Producing defective goods or mishandling materials.  This includes the waste inherent in having to  rework parts not made correctly the first time through

Over Processing – Doing more to the product than necessary. Reducing such waste often involves eliminating unnecessary  work elements

(Unnecessary) Motion – Any motion that is not necessary to the successful completion of an operation.  Obvious forms of  motion include back-and-forth movement in a workstation and searching for parts or tools

3M model:
This model is used to measure whether there is instability in the whole process. Cute and hard to remember the names of each M....

Overburden & Stress (Muri)
Unevenness & Variability (Mura)
Waste (Muda)
Ideal (Stability)

5S Methodology
This one is famous:
1S Sort
2S Set in order
3S Shine
4S Standardize
5S Sustain